The Dutch Vehicle Authority (RDW) officially approved Tesla FSD Supervised on April 10, 2026, becoming the first country in Europe to approve the Full Self-Driving system. This approval follows 18 months of rigorous testing, accumulated more than 1.6 million kilometers of road testing, and covered 13,000 passenger rides and 4,500 track test scenarios. Although FSD is finally on the road in Europe, it is only a Level 2 assisted driving system. The driver must remain focused throughout the process and be able to take over the vehicle at any time. Tesla also launched a monthly subscription plan of 99 euros (approximately NT$3,686), and Dutch car owners are expected to enable the function through OTA updates within a few days.
After 18 months of review and testing, Tesla’s Fully Autonomous Assisted Driving System Supervised Version (FSD Supervised) finally obtained the first pass in Europe. Netherlands Vehicle Administration (RDW) officially approved Tesla’s FSD Supervised system on April 10, 2026. This is not only the first in Europe, but also kicks off Tesla’s entry into the European autonomous driving market.
18 months of review and rigorous testing
Behind this approval was a rigorous testing process that lasted for a year and a half. RDW carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the FSD at its own test track and on public roads in the Netherlands, and ultimately issued a “provisional European type approval”. Tesla’s submission covers more than 400 UN R-171 regulatory compliance requirements, and test items include:
– Accumulated more than 1.6 million kilometers of actual road testing
– Over 13,000 customer passenger rides
– Over 4,500 track test scenarios
It is worth noting that this approval was originally expected to be passed on March 20, 2026, but was ultimately delayed by about three weeks. RDW refuted Tesla’s earlier announcement in late March 2026, claiming that the review had not yet been completed, which also highlighted the gap between Tesla’s marketing timeline and the actual progress of regulators.
The essence of approval: still Level 2 rather than autonomous driving
RDW’s statement makes clear that FSD Supervised “can take over many driving tasks,” but that these vehicles “are not self-driving or fully autonomous systems.” The driver’s hands do not need to be on the steering wheel, but they must be able to take over the vehicle immediately. Sensors monitor the driver’s level of concentration and eye focus. If the system detects a lack of concentration, it will issue a warning and may temporarily deactivate the system.
Under the UN R-171 regulatory framework, the system is classified as a Driver Control Assistance System (DCAS), which is the regulatory term for Level 2 automation. The driver remains fully legally responsible at all times. The regulation explicitly requires measures to prevent drivers from over-relying on the system, including a combination of visual, audio and tactile feedback.
In addition, RDW specifically pointed out that there are “substantial differences” between the European version of the FSD software and the US version. European regulations require type approval before a system can be used on public roads – unlike the US self-certification model.
Elon Musk congratulated the team and released actual test footage
Elon Musk retweeted Tesla’s official announcement, congratulating the team and thanking Dutch regulators for their input in the review process over the past 18 months. He wrote on
First (supervised) FSD approval in Europe!
Congratulations to the Tesla team and thank you to the regulatory authorities in the Netherlands for all the hard work required to make this happen. https://t.co/8hidEOPSxm
— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) April 10, 2026
In the demonstration video released simultaneously by Tesla, the system is actually operating in downtown Amsterdam. It can identify trams and high-density bicycle flows in the environment along the canal, and complete operations such as steering and intersection navigation. These images present practical application scenarios of FSD in European urban traffic conditions.
Car owners in the Netherlands who have subscribed to FSD are expected to enable related functions through OTA updates within a few days. Tesla has also introduced a monthly subscription plan of 99 euros (approximately NT$3,686), which owners can activate directly through the Tesla App or the car screen. Compared with the previous one-time purchase model of approximately 7,500 euros, Tesla will gradually shift to a subscription model starting from February 14, 2026, allowing FSD to be provided in a more flexible manner. In the future, the Dutch market is expected to be dominated by monthly fee plans, and car owners who have purchased older versions of FSD can directly activate the function after approval.
The review process in EU countries will be accelerated
Approval from the Netherlands does not automatically extend to other parts of Europe. Under EU regulations, other member states can choose to recognize Dutch type approval, but each country must decide for itself. Germany (KBA), France and Italy are expected to be the first countries to process, possibly within 4 to 8 weeks.
Wider EU-wide harmonization requires additional regulatory steps by regulators. Tesla is targeting wider European rollout in the summer of 2026, but that timeline depends entirely on how quickly countries process their own approvals.
When will Tesla owners in Taiwan be able to use it?
The current regulatory environment in Taiwan is different from that in Europe, and there is no formal supervision framework for FSD similar to the Dutch RDW (although R79 previously followed European regulations). The functions currently open to Tesla Taiwan are mainly basic Autopilot, and FSD has not yet passed the review by the relevant Taiwan authorities (or has not been submitted for review at all). This breakthrough development in Europe may provide a reference model for the Taiwanese government to promote high-level autonomous driving regulations.
point of view
Tesla FSD was approved in the Netherlands, finally breaking the deadlock for the European market. The significance of this approval is that it demonstrates that even purely visual solutions can be approved in Europe’s complex road environments, provided they pass rigorous testing and regulatory review. However, this is still a Level 2 system and the driver must remain focused at all times. Tesla’s route is fundamentally different from the fully self-driving Level 4 taxis Waymo is preparing to launch in London.
For Taiwanese car owners, the most concerning question may be: Will this European approval speed up the review of FSD in the Taiwan market? There is currently no clear timetable, but given that Europe, Japan, South Korea, and the Chinese market are all actively advancing, Taiwan’s actions are obviously more than half a beat slow.
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